Zoology  

ZOOL 801 - Conservation Biology
Credits: 4.00
Critical and quantitative investigation of current issues in the conservation of biological systems. Habitat restoration, nonidigenous species, harvest strategies, conserving genetic diversity, population viability analysis, global climate change, endangered species recovery, habitat fragmentation, and reserve design are addressed. Case studies include examples drawn from terrestrial, aquatic, and marine systems. Weekly laboratories include trips to local habitats of concern. A statistics course is highly recommended. Prereq: general ecology or permission. Special fee. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 805 - Population Genetics
Credits: 4.00
An exploration of the forces affecting the frequency and distribution of allelic variation in natural populations. Emphasis on the relative roles of mutation, selection, random drift and inbreeding in structuring genetic variation, and on the quantification of the genetic structure of populations. Prereq: principles of genetics; applied biostatistics I recommended. (Also offered as GEN 805.) Special fee. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 808 - Stream Ecology
Credits: 4.00
Ecological relationships of organisms in flowing water; streams as ecosystems. Lectures on physical and chemical features of streams, floral and faunal communities, and factors controlling populations of benthic invertebrates. Laboratory exercises employ both field and laboratory experimental techniques. Weekly seminars on original research papers. Special fee. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL #809 - Environmental Physiology of Animals
Credits: 4.00
Animal responses to natural changes or extremes of the physical environment. Emphasis on adaptation of animals to major environmental parameters such as nutrient levels, light, temperature, and ionic environment, as well as temporal (seasonal, daily) changes in these major environmental factors. Examples from several levels of organization including biofeedback mechanisms. Prereq: general ecology; principles of animal physiology;/or equivalent. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 810 - Ichthyology
Credits: 4.00
An introduction to the evolution, systematics, anatomy, physiology, and ecology of fishes, with an emphasis on New England species. Prereq: principles of biology or equivalent. Lab. (Offered alternate years.)

ZOOL 811 - Zooplankton Ecology
Credits: 4.00
Methods of sampling populations; factors regulating temporal and spatial distribution; trophic interactions of communities; role of zooplankton in nutrient cycles of lakes. Experimental techniques employed in field trips to freshwater habitats. Seminars examine current research in the primary literature. Prereq: general ecology and limnology, ZOOL/PBIO 817, or equivalent; permission. (Not equivalent; permission. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 812 - Mammalogy
Credits: 4.00
Evolution, ecology, behavior, physiology, and diversity of mammals. Focuses on conceptual issues such as the relations of structure, function, physiology, and ecology of species; reproductive physiology and life history strategies; and the evolution of mating systems and social structure. Requires familiarity with mammalian groups to the family level and identification of local fauna to species. Prereq; principles of biology or equivalent. Lab. (Not offered every year.) Special fee.

ZOOL 813 - Animal Behavior
Credits: 4.00
Introduces the naturalistic study of animal behavior. Emphasizes the evolution, development, physiology, and ecology of behavior. Topics include the genetic and acquired bases of behavior; neuroethology and behavioral endocrinology; communication; orientation; foraging strategies; reproductive ecology; and the evolution of altruistic behavior. Prereq: principles of biology I and II or equivalent. Lab.

ZOOL 815 - Molecular Evolution
Credits: 4.00
Rates and patterns of evolutionary change in biomolecules; forces affecting the size and structure of genomes; molecular mechanisms of organismal evolution. Emphasis on integrating evidence from biochemistry, molecular genetics and organismal studies; as well as on methods for reconstructing phylogeny from molecular sequences. Some knowledge of statistics is recommended. Prereq: principles of genetics. (Also offered as GEN 815.) Special fee. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 817 - General Limnology
Credits: 4.00
Introduction to the ecology of freshwater systems, with emphasis on lakes. Origins of lakes and effects of watersheds on lake chemistry, nutrient cycling, and the lake food web are explored. Other topics include the impact of human disturbances on productivity and aquatic food web and methods used for the management and restoration of lakes. Comparisons are made of the structure and functions of lake ecosystems found in temperate, tropical and arctic regions. Prereq: general ecology or equivalent. (Also offered as PBIO 817.)

ZOOL 819 - Field Limnology
Credits: 4.00
Ecology of lakes and other freshwater habitats examined through field studies. Emphasizes modern methods for studying lakes, analysis and interpretation of data, and writing of scientific papers. Seminars on research papers and student presentations of class studies. Field trips to a variety of lakes, from the coastal plain to White Mountains; investigate problems, such as eutrophication, acidification, biodiversity and biotoxins. Capstone experiences include interaction with state agencies, lake stakeholders and the submission of written manuscripts for publication. (Also offered as PBIO 819.) Special fee. Lab.

ZOOL 823 - Quantitative Genetics
Credits: 4.00
Analysis of continuous variation in populations simultaneously segregating at multiple loci. Genetic and nongenetic factors and the complex interactions between them; models and methods of analysis, for both theoretical and practical applications. Prereq: principles of genetics; applied biostatistics I is strongly suggested. (Also offered as GEN 823.) Special fee. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 825 - Marine Ecology
Credits: 4.00
Marine environment and its biota, emphasizing intertidal and estuarine habitats. Includes field, laboratory, and an independent research project. Prereq: general ecology; permission. Marine invertebrate zoology, oceanography, and statistics are desirable. (Also offered as PBIO 825.) Special fee. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 829 - Developmental Biology of the Vertebrates
Credits: 4.00
Principles of animal development, primarily in vertebrates, emphasizing the comparative approach and the integration of classical and molecular data. General topics include embryonic patterning, differentiation, morphogenesis, germ layers and their specific derivatives, environmental effects in development, and limb development. Special topics include maternal and embryonic adaptations, reproductive technology, and evolutionary perspectives on development. Prereq: introductory course in developmental biology. Special fee. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 831 - Systems Approach to Biological Ocean Science
Credits: 3.00
Broad survey of biological ocean science for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Uses an interdisciplinary, "systems" approach to focus on major opportunities and challenges for ocean science in the future. Classes meet for one three-hour session each week and include lecture, discussion, demonstration, and laboratory sessions appropriate to the subject material with presentations by guest speakers. Focus of the course is different each time it is offered; topics have included temporal and spatial scales of variation, estuarine ecosystem dynamics. May be repeated. Prereq: permission. (Also offered as EOS 831.)

ZOOL 832 - Lake Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Credits: 4.00
Lectures and seminars on interpreting lake water quality, developing a natural history inventory for lakes, the process of creating a lake management plan, and resolution of conflicting uses of lakes. Students develop actual lake management plans in cooperation with government agencies and lake associations. Guest speakers from state agencies and non-governmental organizations. Introductions to and use of GIS (Geographic Information Systems) methods for the analysis of lakes and watersheds. Present lake management issues from scientific and social science points of view. Open to students from all disciplines. (Also offered as PBIO 832.) Special fee. Lab.

ZOOL 833 - Behavioral Ecology
Credits: 4.00
Behavioral adaptations of animals to their environment including the evolution of behavior and behavioral genetics; foraging and competition for resources; reproductive ecology, mating systems and parental care; and the evolution of cooperative behavior. Examples include both vertebrates and invertebrates. Emphasis is on critical understanding of concepts as exhibited in oral and written exercises. Students conduct independent investigations. Prereq: animal behavior or ecology or evolution course. Lab. (Offered in alternate years.)

ZOOL 840 - Introduction to Biogeography
Credits: 4.00
Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from evolutionary biology, ecology, systematics, geology, and physical geography. This course covers theories and data from several disciplines with emphasis on evolutionary aspects of biogeography. Attention is given to the biogeography of individual taxa rather than groups of species or communities. Prereq: General Ecology. An evolution course is strongly recommended. Recitation.

ZOOL 845 - Biology and Diversity of Insects
Credits: 4.00
Study of the biology of insects, the most diverse group of organisms, focusing on why they are unique, how they have become so diverse, and the basis of their success. The laboratory is designed to develop an understanding of insect diversity through utilization of different sampling techniques in several habitats, sorting to "morphospecies", and use of biodiversity indices. Prereq: principles of biology I and II or equivalent. Special fee. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 850 - Biological Oceanography
Credits: 4.00
Biological processes of the oceans, including primary and secondary production, trophodynamics, plankton diversity, zooplankton ecology, ecosystems and global ocean dynamics. Field trips on R/V Gulf Challenger and to the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory. Prereq: one year of biology or permission of instructor. (Also offered as EOS 850, ESCI 850.) Special fee. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 872 - Fisheries Biology
Credits: 3.00
Principles of fisheries science, with emphasis on techniques used to assess the biological characteristics of exploited fish populations and the use of such information for fisheries management. Prereq: ZOOL 810; permission. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 873 - Physiology of Fish
Credits: 4.00
Investigation of the physiological processes responsible for maintaining homeostasis in fishes. Focus is on the function and regulation of the major organ systems during stress and environmental adaptation. Topics include reproduction, osmoregulation, digestion, endocrinology and sensory perception. Prereq: animal physiology or equivalent;/ or permission.

ZOOL 877 - Neurobiology and Behavior
Credits: 4.00
Survey of fundamental concepts and recent discoveries in neurobiology. Topics include structure and function of neurons, development, cellular basis of behavior (sensory and motor systems), neuropharmacology, and neural plasticity (learning). Prereq: principles of biology I and II or permission. Physiology also desirable.

ZOOL #878 - Neuroscience Techniques
Credits: 4.00
A techniques- and laboratory-oriented course designed for students of the behavioral and physiological sciences who wish to understand the basic electrophysiological properties of neurons and how they interact. Both invertebrate and vertebrate systems to illustrate principles of synaptic transmission, integration, sensory information processing, and the control of movement. Prereq: ZOOL 877 or equivalent. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 895 - Advanced Studies
Credits: 1.00 to 4.00
Independent study in various areas, including but not limited to: animal behavior; departmental biology; ecology; electron microscopy; evolution; genetics; histology; history of biology; invertebrate biology; neurobiology and behavior; physiology; teaching practices; underwater research; vertebrate biology; biological techniques. Course sections for advanced work, individual or group seminar. May include reading, laboratory work, organized seminars, and conferences. Prereq: permission of department chairperson and staff concerned.

ZOOL 896 - Special Investigations
Credits: 1.00 to 4.00
See description for ZOOL 895.

ZOOL 899 - Master's Thesis
Credits: 1.00 to 10.00
Prereq: permission of department chairperson and prospective supervisor. Cr/F.

ZOOL 901 - Research Methods
Credits: 2.00
Introduction to the range of research approaches in zoology and to the skills needed for success in graduate school and beyond. Topics include scientific writing, graphical methods, library techniques, scientific methods and experimental design, research techniques available, and seminar presentation. Cr/F. (Offered every fall.)

ZOOL #926 - Comparative Physiology
Credits: 4.00
Laboratory modules designed to enable students to investigate nutrition, metabolism, neural function, reproduction, and homeostatic mechanisms, of animals, especially invertebrates. Emphasis on conducting effective physiological studies. Prereq: principles of animal physiology or equivalent; permission. Special fee. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 997 - Seminar
Credits: 1.00 to 2.00
Reports on recent zoological literature. Subject fields are those listed under ZOOL 895, 896; not all areas available every semester. Required of graduate students in zoology. Cr/F.

ZOOL 998 - Seminar
Credits: 1.00 to 2.00
See description for ZOOL 997. Cr/F.

ZOOL 999 - Doctoral Research
Credits:
Cr/F.