Zoology  

ZOOL 801 - Conservation Biology
Credits: 4.00
Critical and quantitative investigation of current issues in the conservation of biological systems. Habitat restoration, nonidigenous species, harvest strategies, conserving genetic diversity, population viability analysis, global climate change, endangered species recovery, habitat fragmentation, and reserve design are addressed. Case studies include examples drawn from terrestrial, aquatic, and marine systems. Weekly laboratories include trips to local habitats of concern. A statistics course or familiarity with computers is highly recommended. Prereq: general ecology or permission. Special fee. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 805 - Population Genetics
Credits: 4.00
An exploration of the forces affecting the frequency and distribution of allelic variation in natural populations. Emphasis on the relative roles of mutation, selection, random drift and inbreeding in structuring genetic variation, and on the quantification of the genetic structure of populations. Prereq: principles of genetics; applied biostatistics I recommended. (Also offered as GEN 805.) Special fee. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 808 - Stream Ecology
Credits: 4.00
Ecological relationships of organisms in flowing water; streams as ecosystems. Lectures on physical and chemical features of streams, floral and faunal communities, and factors controlling populations of benthic invertebrates. Laboratory exercises employ both field and laboratory experimental techniques. Weekly seminars on original research papers. Special fee. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL #809 - Environmental Physiology of Animals
Credits: 4.00
Animal responses to natural changes or extremes of the physical environment. Emphasis on adaptation of animals to major environmental parameters such as nutrient levels, light, temperature, and ionic environment, as well as temporal (seasonal, daily) changes in these major environmental factors. Examples from several levels of organization including biofeedback mechanisms. Prereq: general ecology; principles of animal physiology;/or equivalent. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 810 - Ichthyology
Credits: 4.00
An introduction to the evolution, systematics, anatomy, physiology, and ecology of fishes, with an emphasis on New England species. Prereq: principles of biology or equivalent. Lab. (Offered alternate years.)

ZOOL 811 - Zooplankton Ecology
Credits: 4.00
Methods of sampling populations; factors regulating temporal and spacial distribution; trophic interactions of communities, role in nutrient cycles of lakes. Experimental techniques employed in field trips to freshwater habitats. Seminars examine current research in the primary literature. Prereq: general ecology and limnology, ZOOL/PBIO 817, or equivalent; permission. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 812 - Mammalogy
Credits: 4.00
Evolution, ecology, behavior, physiology, and diversity of mammals. Focuses on conceptual issues such as the relations of structure, function, physiology, and ecology of species; reproductive physiology and life history strategies; and the evolution of mating systems and social structure. Requires familiarity with mammalian groups to the family level and identification of local fauna to species. Prereq; principles of biology or equivalent. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 813 - Animal Behavior
Credits: 4.00
Introduces the naturalistic study of animal behavior. Emphasizes the evolution, development, physiology, and ecology of behavior. Topics include the genetic and acquired bases of behavior; neuroethology and behavioral endocrinology; communication; orientation; foraging strategies; reproductive ecology; and the evolution of altruistic behavior. Prereq: principles of biology I and II or equivalent. Lab.

ZOOL 815 - Molecular Evolution
Credits: 4.00
Rates and patterns of evolutionary change in biomolecules; forces affecting the size and structure of genomes; molecular mechanisms of organismal evolution. Emphasis on integrating evidence from biochemistry, molecular genetics and organismal studies; as well as on methods for reconstructing phylogeny from molecular sequences. Some knowledge of statistics and familiarity with personal computers recommended. Prereq: principles of genetics. (Also offered as GEN 815.) Special fee. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL #816 - Multivariate Statistics for Ecology
Credits: 4.00
Methods of observation and inference in ecology; data reduction and exploratory analysis; detection of association, difference, and similarity using linear models and other multivariate approaches. Critiques of design and analysis of published studies. Prereq: formal coursework in statistics and ecology; permission.

ZOOL 817 - General Limnology
Credits: 4.00
Introduction to the ecology of freshwater systems, with emphasis on lakes. Origins of lakes and effects of watersheds on lake chemistry and nutrient cycling are explored. Other topics include the impact of human disturbances on productivity and aquatic food webs and methods used for the management and restoration of lakes. Comparisons are made of the structure and functions of lake ecosystems found in temporate, tropical and arctic regions. Prereq: general ecology or equivalent. (Also offered as PBIO 817.)

ZOOL #818 - Quantitative Aquatic Ecology
Credits: 6.00
Aquatic ecosystems studied through field and laboratory exercises. Emphasis on the application of statistical methods to the biological systems. Field trip data, collected from remote lakes in the White Mountains National Forest as well as from southern New Hamsphire lakes, are analyzed in both biology and statistics laboratories. Prereq: general ecology or equivalent. (Also offered as PBIO 818.) (Summers only, alternate years.)

ZOOL 819 - Field Limnology
Credits: 4.00
Ecology of inland waters examined throufh field studies of lakes, streams, and other freshwater habitats. Emphasizes methods for studying lakes, analysis and interpretation of data, and writing of scientific reports. Includes seminars on research papers and field trips to a variety of lakes from coastal plain to White Mountains. (Also offered as PBIO 819.) Special fee. Lab.

ZOOL 823 - Quantitative Genetics
Credits: 4.00
Analysis of continous variation in populations simultaneously segregating at multiple loci. Genetic and nongenetic factors and the complex interactions between them; models and methods of analysis, for both theoretical and practical applications. Prereq: principles of genetics; applied biostatistics I is strongly suggested. (Also offered as GEN 823.) Special fee. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 825 - Marine Ecology
Credits: 4.00
Marine environment and its biota, emphasizing intertidal and estuarine habitats. Includes field, laboratory, and an independent research project. Prereq: general ecology; permission. Marine invertebrate zoology, oceanography, and statistics are desirable. (Also offered as PBIO 825.) Special fee. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 827 - Field Ecology of Amphibians and Reptiles
Credits: 4.00
Origins, evolution, ecology, and conservation of amphibians and reptiles. Emphasis on overnight field trips conducted throughout the state, using photographic and other nondestructive sampling methods. Prereq: principles of biology I and II or equivalent. Special fee. Field trips. (Summer only.)

ZOOL 828 - Comparative Systematics and Evolution of Invertebrates
Credits: 4.00
A synthetic approach to invertebrate phylogenies based on critical examinations of morphological, embryological and molecular characters. Considers methods of phylogenetic reconstruction, theories of metazoan origin and phylogeny of major groups. Prereq: marine invertebrate evolution and ecology or equivalent. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 829 - Developmental Biology of the Vertebrates
Credits: 4.00
Principles of animal development, primarily in vertebrates, emphasizing the comparative approach and the integration of classical and molecular data. General topics include embryonic patterning, differentiation, morphogenesis, germ layers and their specific derivatives, environmental effects in development, and limb development. Special topics include maternal and embryonic adaptations, reproductive technology, and evolutionary perspectives on development. Prereq: introductory course in developmental biology. Special fee. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 831 - Systems Approach to Biological Ocean Science
Credits: 3.00
Broad survey of biological ocean science for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Uses an interdisciplinary, "systems" approach to focus on major opportunities and challenges for ocean science in the future. Classes meet for one three-hour session each week and include lecture, discussion, demonstration, and laboratory sessions appropriate to the subject material with presentations by guest speakers. Focus of the course is different each time it is offered; topics have included temporal and spacial scales of variation, estuarine ecosystem dynamics. May be repeated. Prereq: permission. (Also offered as EOS 831.)

ZOOL 833 - Behavioral Ecology
Credits: 4.00
Behavioral adaptations of animals to their environment including the evolution of behavior and behavioral genetics; foraging and competition for resources; reproductive ecology, mating systems and parental care; and the evolution of cooperative behavior. Examples include both vertebrates and invertebrates. Emphasis is on critical understanding of concepts as exhibited in oral and written exercises. Students conduct independent investigations. Prereq: animal behavior or ecology or evolution course. Lab. (Offered in alternate years.)

ZOOL 850 - Biological Oceanography
Credits: 4.00
Biological processes of the oceans, including primary and secondary production, trophodynamics, plankton diversity, zooplankton ecology, ecosystems and global ocean dynamics. Field trips on R/V Gulf Challenger and to the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory. Prereq: one year of biology or permission of instructor. (Also offered as EOS 850, ESCI 850.) Special fee. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 872 - Fisheries Biology
Credits: 4.00
Principles of fisheries science, with emphasis on techniques used to assess the biological characteristics of exploited fish populations and the use of such information for fisheries management. Prereq: ZOOL 810; permission. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 873 - Physiology of Fish
Credits: 4.00
Investigation of the physiological processes responsible for maintaining homeostatis in fishes. Focus is on the function and regulation of the major organ systems during stress and environmental adaptation. Topics include reproduction, osmoregulation, digestion, endocrinology and sensory perception. Prereq: animal physiology or equivalent;/ or permission.

ZOOL 877 - Neurobiology and Behavior
Credits: 4.00
Survey of fundamental concepts and recent discoveries in neurobiology. Topics include structure and function of neurons, development, cellular basis of behavior (sensory and motor systems), neuropharmacology, and neural plasticity (learning). Prereq: principles of biology I and II or permission. Physiology also desirable.

ZOOL #878 - Neuroscience Techniques
Credits: 4.00
A techniques- and laboratory-oriented course designed for students of the behavioral and physiological sciences who wish to understand the basic electrophysiological properties of neurons and how they interact. Both invertebrate and vertebrate systems to illustrate principles of synaptic transmission, integration, sensory information processing, and the control of movement. Prereq: ZOOL 877 or equivalent. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 895 - Advanced Studies
Credits: 1.00 to 4.00
Independent study in various areas, including but not limited to: animal behavior; departmental biology; ecology; electron microscopy; evolution; genetics; histology; history of biology; invertebrate biology; neurobiology and behavior; physiology; teaching practices; underwater research; vertebrate biology; biological techniques. Course sections for advanced work, individual or group seminar. May include reading, laboratory work, organized seminars, and conferences. Prereq: permission of department chairperson and staff concerned.

ZOOL 896 - Special Investigations
Credits: 1.00 to 4.00
See description for ZOOL 895.

ZOOL 899 - Master's Thesis
Credits: 1.00 to 10.00
Prereq: permission of department chairperson and prospective supervisor. Credit/Fail.

ZOOL 901 - Research Methods in Zoology
Credits: 2.00
Introduction to the range of research approaches in zoology and to the skills needed for success in graduate school and beyond. Topics include scientific writing, graphical methods, library techniques, scientific methods and experimental design, research techniques available, and seminar presentation. Credit/Fail. (Offered every fall.)

ZOOL 915 - Population Ecology
Credits: 4.00
Dynamics of population growth; effects of age, structure, predation, and competition; measures of community interaction. Prereq: permission. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL #921 - Advanced Invertebrate Zoology
Credits: 4.00
Morphology, phylogeny, and natural history of the major invertebrate phyla. Prereq: introduction to invertebrate zoology or equivalent. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL #926 - Comparative Physiology
Credits: 4.00
Laboratory modules designed to enable students to investigate nutrition, metabolism, neural function, reproduction, and homeostatic mechanisms, of animals, especially invertebrates. Emphasis on conducting effective physiological studies. Prereq: principles of animal physiology or equivalent; permission. Special fee. (Not offered every year.)

ZOOL 997 - Zoology Seminar
Credits: 1.00 to 2.00
Reports on recent zoological literature. Subject fields are those listed under ZOOL 895, 896; not all areas available every semester. Required of graduate students in zoology. Credit/Fail.

ZOOL 998 - Zoology Seminar
Credits: 1.00 to 2.00
See description for ZOOL 997.

ZOOL 999 - Doctoral Research
Credits: