Plant Biology  

PBIO 801 - Plant Physiology
Credits: 3.00
Structure-function relationship of plants, internal and external factors regulating plant growth and development, plant hormones, plant metabolism, water relations, and mineral nutrition. Prereq: introductory botany or concepts of plant growth; one year of college chemistry (e.g., general chemistry); organic chemistry or basic chemistry;/ or permission.

PBIO 802 - Plant Physiology Laboratory
Credits: 2.00
Analytical techniques for plant physiology, effects of growth regulators on plant growth and development, cell and tissue culture, enzyme kinetics, and plant water relations. Pre- or Coreq: plant physiology. Special fee.

PBIO 806 - Weed Ecology
Credits: 2.00
Ecology and reproductive biology of weed species. Dormancy and germination, dispersal, and patterns of weed establishment. Physiology and biochemistry of herbicides. Genetic engineering and environmental issues. Discussions emphasize developments in current literature. Prereq: introductory botany and general chemistry. Special fee.

PBIO 808 - Weed Ecology and Management Lab
Credits: 2.00
Application of weed identification and weed control practices, considering various types of crops (including ornamental), cultural control, herbicide equipment, application, and safety. Environmental concerns. Field trips. Special fee. Pre- or Coreq: PBIO 806.

PBIO 809 - Plant Stress Physiology
Credits: 3.00
Examines the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of plant response to abiotic stresses including drought, salt, high and low temperature, visible and ultraviolet radiation, heavy metals, and air pollutants. Discusses current hypotheses, agricultural and ecological implications. Prereq: plant physiology; biochemistry;/ or permission.

PBIO 811 - Plant Cell Biochemistry
Credits: 3.00
Selected topics in photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic metabolism of plant cells, including inorganic and organic nitrogen metabolism, lipid and pigment synthesis and degradation, glycolysis and respiration, nitrogen fixation, and integration and regulation of cell functions. Prereq: an introductory course in Biochemistry; Plant Physiology or permission. (Not offered every year.)

PBIO 813 - Photosynthesis
Credits: 4.00
The physiology and biochemistry of photosynthesis in higher plants and microorganisms: light reactions, electron transport, membrane structure and function, carbon assimilation pathways, energy conservation, and metabolic regulation. Agronomic and ecological aspects of photosynthesis are examined. Prereq: plant physiology or biochemistry. (Not offered every year.)

PBIO 814 - Electron Microscopy
Credits: 2.00
Theory and principles involved in preparing plant and animal tissue for observation with the transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopes; x-ray analysis (EDAX); freeze-facture, including shadow casting and photographic techniques; and presentation of micrographs for publication. Prereq: permission.
Co-requisites: PBIO 815

PBIO 815 - Electron Microscopy Lab
Credits: 3.00
Practical application of theoretical principles and practices utilized in preparing and observing plant and animal tissues with the transmission and scanning electron microscopes. Student project assigned. Prereq: permission. Special fee.
Co-requisites: PBIO 814

PBIO 817 - General Limnology
Credits: 4.00
Introduction to the ecology of freshwater systems with emphasis on lakes. Origins of lakes and the effects of watersheds on lake chemistry and nutrient cycling are explored. Other topics include the impact of human disturbances on productivity and aquatic food webs and methods used for the management and restoration of lakes. Comparisons are made of the structure and functions of lake ecosystems found in temporate, tropical and arctic regions. Prereq: general ecology or equivalent. (Also offered as ZOOL 817.)

PBIO #818 - Quantitative Aquatic Ecology
Credits: 6.00
Aquatic ecosystems studied through field and laboratory exercises. Emphasis on the application of statistical methods from sampling design to statistical and ecological interpretations of results. Field trip data analyzed in both biology and statistics laboratories. Understanding how the principles underlying statistical concepts can be applied to biological systems will be emphasized. Field trips, designed to collect data for rigorous statistical analysis, include remote pristine lakes in the White Mountains National Forest as well as lakes in southern New Hampshire. Prereq: general ecology or equivalent. (Also offered as ZOOL 818.) (Fall semester only. Alternate years.)

PBIO 819 - Field Limnology
Credits: 4.00
Ecology of inland waters examined through field studies of lakes, streams and other freshwater habitats. Emphasizes methods used for studying lakes, analysis and interpretation of data, and writing of scientific reports. Includes seminars on research papers and field trips to a variety of lakes from coastal plain to White Mountains. (Also offered as ZOOL 819.) Special fee. Lab.

PBIO 821 - The Microscopic Algae
Credits: 4.00
Survey of phytoplankton and periphyton in local marine and freshwater habitats. Identification, systematics, and evolution. Class and individual collection trips. Prereq: principles of biology II, or introductory botany, or evolution of plants. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

PBIO 822 - Marine Phycology
Credits: 4.00
Identification, classification, ecology, and life histories of the major groups of marine algae, particularly the benthonic marine algae of New England. Periodic field trips. Prereq: principles of biology or elementary botany or survey of the plant kingdom. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

PBIO 824 - Freshwater Algal Ecology
Credits: 4.00
Survey of freshwater algal habitats; physiological explanation of population models. Individual experimental projects. Prereq: general limnology or permission. Special fee.

PBIO 825 - Marine Ecology
Credits: 4.00
Marine environment and its biota, emphasizing intertidal and estuarine habitats. Includes field, laboratory, and independent research project. Prereq: general ecology; permission. Marine invertebrate zoology, oceanography, and statistics are desirable. (Also offered as ZOOL 825.) Special fee. (Not offered every year.)

PBIO 826 - Integrated Pest Management
Credits: 4.00
Integration of pest management techniques involving biological, culture, and chemical control with principles of insect ecology into management approach for insect pests. Prereq: permission.

PBIO 827 - Algal Physiology
Credits: 3.00
Survey of major topics in the physiology and biochemistry of marine and freshwater algae including nutrition, metabolic pathways, reproductive physiology, storage and extracellular products, cell inclusion, growth, and development. Prereq: introduction to biochemistry or permission. (Not offered every year.)

PBIO 829 - Algal Physiology Laboratory
Credits: 2.00
Laboratory techniques useful in studying the physiology of freshwater and marine algae. Experiments in nutrition, metabolism, and pigment and enzyme analysis. Small research project required. Prereq: permission. Coreq: PBIO 827. (Not offered every year.)
Co-requisites: PBIO 827

PBIO #830 - Plant Growth Research and Modeling
Credits: 4.00
Case study approach taken to learn the theory, practice and application of computer modeling of plant growth. Process of applied research covered, including problem definition, experimental design, data collection, analysis, report writing, and presentation. Prereq: applied biostatistics I or permission. Lab.

PBIO 840 - Agroecology
Credits: 4.00
Application of ecological concepts and principles to the design of agricultural ecosystems. Processes in natural ecosystems will be used as models for sustainable agricultural management. The course will emphasize self-directed, project-based learning during which students will individually and in groups apply their knowledge in the analysis of real world agroecosystems. Prereq: Plants, Soils, and Environment or equivalent; permission.

PBIO 842 - Physiological Ecology
Credits: 4.00
Physiological responses of plants to the physical environment; energy exchange, light and photosynthesis, water relations, and mineral nutrition. Prereq: plant physiology or permission. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

PBIO 844 - Vegetation Sampling and Analysis
Credits: 4.00
Methods for sampling plant populations and communities especially estimation of abundance. Analysis of patterns, measurement of species diversity, and relation of abundance to environmental factors. Ordination and classification of communities. Modeling of succession. Prereq: statistics and general ecology or equivalent;/or permission. Lab.

PBIO 845 - Community Ecology
Credits: 4.00
Properties of biotic communities, especially biodiversity. Effects of physical stress, disturbance, competition, predation, positive interactions, and dispersal on community properties. Community dynamics, including succession and stability. Prereq: applied biostatistics and general ecology. Occasional Saturday field trips.

PBIO 847 - Aquatic Higher Plants
Credits: 4.00
Flowering plants and fern relatives found in and about bodies of water in the northeastern United States; extensive field and herbarium work, preparation techniques, and collections. Prereq: plant taxonomy or permission. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

PBIO 851 - Cell Culture
Credits: 5.00
Principles and technical skills fundamental to the culture of animal and plant cells, tissues and organs. Introduction to the techniques of subculturing, establishing primary cultures, karyotyping, serum testing, cloning, growth curves, cyropreservation, hybridoma formation and monoclonal antibody production, and organ cultures. An interdisciplinary course with emphasis on the application of cell culture to contemporary research in the biological sciences. Prereq: general microbiology; permission. (Also offered as ANSC 851 and MICR 851.) Special fee. Lab.

PBIO 852 - Mycology
Credits: 4.00
Classification, identification, culturing, life histories, and ecology of fungi, from slime molds to hallucinogenic mushrooms; the significance of fungi in human history, from their contribution to the art of bread making and alcoholic fermentation to their destructiveness as agents of deadly diseases of plants and animals. Prereq: principles of biology I, II or introduction to botany, or equivalent. Special fee. Lab.

PBIO 853 - Cytogenetics
Credits: 4.00
Chromosome structure, function, and evolution. Eukaryotic genome organization. Theory of, and laboratory techniques for, cytogenetic analysis in plants and animals. Prereq: principles of genetics. (Also offered as GEN 853.) Special fee. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

PBIO 854 - Lab Mol Biol Nucleic Acids
Credits: 5.00
Application of modern techniques to the analysis of biomolecules, with an emphasis on nucleic acids; includes DNA isolation and analysis, cloning, sequencing, and analysis of gene products. No credit if credit has been received for MICR 704. Prereq: BCHM 658/659; 751, or permission. (Also offered as BCHM 854 and GEN 854.) Special fee. (Not offered every year.)

PBIO 858 - Plant Anatomy
Credits: 5.00
Anatomy of vascular plants from a functional/developmental point of view with emphasis on Angiosperms. Basic cell and tissue structure of plant organs will be covered as well as the importance of chaos, fractals, scaling, mechanical stress and environmental factors in determining the role anatomy plays in the biology of plants. Prereq: principles of biology or introductory botany. Lab. (Not offered every year.)

PBIO #861 - Plant Geography
Credits: 4.00
Distribution of plants, a consideration of world vegetation types and floras, with emphasis on North America. Major influencial factors such as geologic, climatic, edaphic, and biotic. Includes such topics as island biogeography, continental drift, and the historical development of floras from the Tertiary through the Pleistocene to major floras of today. Prereq: plant taxonomy or permission. (Not offered every year.)

PBIO #865 - Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Plants
Credits: 3.00
Molecular mechanisms and regulation of plant metabolic functions. Structure and function of cellular constituents of plants; role of secondary metabolites. Emphasis on developments in current literature. Prereq: general biochemistry or principles of biochemistry or permission. Complements PBIO 874/875. (Also offered as BCHM 865.)

PBIO 866 - Plant-Microbe Interactions
Credits: 3.00
Physical, chemical, genetic and molecular methods utilized by plant pathogens in interactions with plants, as well as plant defense mechanisms. Major groups of plant pathogens (bacteria, fungi and viruses) will be discussed, as will beneficial plant-microbe symbioses. Prereq: principles of biology I and II, general microbiology;/or permission. (Also offered as MICR 866.)

PBIO #873 - Breeding Improved Varieties
Credits: 4.00
Techniques for creating new varieties of crop and ornamental plants. Discussion and assigned readings in crop breeding. Prereq: genetics. (Not offered every year.)

PBIO 874 - Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
Credits: 3.00
Plant transformation and regeneration, gene isolation and identification, structure and regulation of plant genes, current applications of plant genetic engineering, environmental and social implications. Prereq: BIOL 604 or permission. (Also offered as GEN 874.)

PBIO 875 - Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Lab
Credits: 2.00
Techniques for genetic transformation and selection of plants, analysis of foreign gene expresssion, and plant cell and tissue culture. Coreq: PBIO or GEN 874. (Also offered as GEN 875.) Special fee. (Not offered every year.)
Co-requisites: PBIO 874

PBIO 899 - Master's Thesis
Credits: 1.00 to 10.00
Credit/Fail.

PBIO 985 - Advanced Topics in Plant Biology
Credits: 1.00 to 6.00
Discussions of current topics in selected areas of plant biology. A) Systematic Botany; B) Physiology; C) Pathology; D) Anatomy; E) Morphology; F) Ecology; G) Mycology; H) Phycology; I) Cell Biology; J) Genetics; K) Evolution; L) Plant Utilization; M) Cell Physiology; N) Developmental Plant Biology; O) Cell and Tissue Culture; P) Physiological Ecology; Q) Plant Disease Control; R) Plant Hormones. Prereq: permission.

PBIO 995 - Investigations in Plant Biology
Credits: 1.00 to 6.00
Supervised projects in selected areas of plant biology. A) Systematic Bontany; B) Physiology; C) Pathology; D) Anatomy; E) Morphology; F) Ecology; G) Phycology; H) Mycology; I) Cell Biology; J) Cell Physiology; K) Microtechnique; L) Cell and Tissue Culture; M) Genetics; N) Crop Management; O) Developmental Plant Biology; P) Scientific Writing; Q) History of Botany; R) Teaching in Plant Biology. Prereq: permission.

PBIO 997 - Graduate Seminar
Credits: 1.00
Library research and discussion of current topics of plant biology. Required of all graduate students majoring in plant biology. Credit/Fail.

PBIO 999 - Doctoral Research
Credits: